Estimate your 2024 US federal income tax, effective rate, and marginal bracket — with a full bracket-by-bracket breakdown.
Results update live as you type — 2024 federal brackets.
Estimated Federal Tax
Federal Tax
$8,682
estimated owed
Effective Rate
11.58%
of gross income
Marginal Rate
22%
top bracket
Taxable Income
$60,400
after deductions
| Bracket | Rate | Income in Bracket | Tax |
|---|
The Formula
The US uses a progressive tax system: each dollar of income is taxed only at the rate of the bracket it falls into — not your entire income. Your standard deduction is subtracted first to find taxable income, then each bracket's portion is taxed at its rate and summed.
2024 Federal Brackets (Single)
| Rate | Income Range |
|---|---|
| 10% | $0 – $11,600 |
| 12% | $11,600 – $47,150 |
| 22% | $47,150 – $100,525 |
| 24% | $100,525 – $191,950 |
| 32% | $191,950 – $243,725 |
| 35% | $243,725 – $609,350 |
| 37% | $609,350+ |
About This Tool
An income tax calculator — also called a federal tax estimator or tax bracket calculator — is a free online tool that estimates your 2024 US federal income tax liability based on your filing status and annual income. Enter your gross income, select your filing status, and the calculator instantly shows you how much you owe, your effective tax rate, and a bracket-by-bracket breakdown.
Our free income tax calculator applies the IRS's progressive bracket system precisely. The standard deduction for your filing status is automatically subtracted from your gross income, and the resulting taxable income is run through each bracket in sequence. The result is a highly accurate estimate for W-2 employees and straightforward earners — without the complexity of a full tax return.
Use this federal income tax calculator to plan estimated quarterly payments, understand how a raise affects your take-home pay, or compare the tax impact of different filing statuses. All calculations are performed entirely in your browser — no data is collected, no account required.
Note: This calculator estimates federal income tax only. State income taxes, FICA (Social Security and Medicare), AMT, self-employment tax, and complex deductions are not included. Consult a qualified tax professional for advice specific to your situation.
Live Calculation
Tax estimate updates instantly as you adjust income or filing status.
Bracket Breakdown
See exactly how much of your income falls in each tax bracket.
Effective vs Marginal
Clearly shows both your marginal rate and true effective rate.
100% Private
No data collected. All calculations run locally in your browser.
2024 Brackets
Uses the latest IRS federal tax brackets and standard deductions.
All Filing Statuses
Covers Single, MFJ, MFS, and Head of Household brackets.
Four simple inputs give you a complete federal tax estimate in seconds.
Type or slide your total annual gross income before any deductions. This includes W-2 wages, self-employment income, and other taxable earnings.
Select Single, Married Filing Jointly, Married Filing Separately, or Head of Household. Your status determines both your bracket thresholds and standard deduction amount.
Enter any additional deductions (IRA contributions, student loan interest) beyond the standard deduction, and any tax credits you qualify for.
Switch to the Brackets tab to see a bar chart of your income distributed across each tax rate. The Table tab shows the exact dollar amount in each bracket.
Your effective tax rate (total tax ÷ gross income) is always lower than your marginal rate. This is the true percentage of your income paid in federal tax.
Use the calculator to see how additional deductions or credits reduce your bill. Adjust income to model raises, side income, or retirement contributions.
Everything you need to know about federal income taxes, brackets, and deductions.
Your marginal tax rate is the rate applied to the last dollar of income — the highest bracket you fall into. Your effective tax rate is total federal tax paid divided by gross income. Because only the income within each bracket is taxed at that rate, your effective rate is always lower than the marginal rate. For example, a single filer earning $75,000 in 2024 has a 22% marginal rate but an effective rate of roughly 12%.
For tax year 2024, the IRS standard deductions are: Single — $14,600; Married Filing Jointly — $29,200; Head of Household — $21,900; Married Filing Separately — $14,600. The standard deduction is subtracted from gross income before applying tax brackets.
In a progressive system, income is taxed in layers. The first portion of taxable income is taxed at 10%, the next chunk at 12%, the next at 22%, and so on. Only the income within each bracket is taxed at that rate — not your total income. A single filer earning $100,000 is NOT taxed 22% on all $100,000 — only on the income between $47,150 and $100,000 after the standard deduction.
No — this tool estimates federal income tax only. State income taxes vary widely: nine states have no income tax (Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, Wyoming), while others range from 1% to over 13%. Add your state's estimated rate to the federal figure for a complete picture of your income tax burden.
FICA (Federal Insurance Contributions Act) covers Social Security tax (6.2% on wages up to $168,600 in 2024) and Medicare tax (1.45% with an additional 0.9% surtax above $200,000). These are separate from federal income tax and are NOT included in this calculator. For a full picture of your paycheck deductions — including FICA — use our Take-Home Paycheck Calculator.
Legal strategies to reduce taxable income include: contributing to a pre-tax 401(k) or IRA; contributing to an HSA if you have a qualifying health plan; deducting student loan interest (up to $2,500); using itemized deductions if they exceed the standard deduction; and, if self-employed, deducting business expenses. Tax credits — which directly reduce tax owed — include the Child Tax Credit, Earned Income Credit, and education credits. Consult a tax professional for a plan tailored to your situation.
Take the standard deduction unless your total itemized deductions (mortgage interest, charitable donations, state/local taxes capped at $10,000, large medical expenses) exceed the standard deduction for your filing status. Since the 2018 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act nearly doubled the standard deduction, roughly 90% of taxpayers now benefit from taking the standard deduction. You can test both scenarios in this calculator using the "Additional Deductions" field.
This calculator is highly accurate for taxpayers with straightforward W-2 wage income. It uses the official 2024 IRS federal tax brackets and standard deduction amounts. Results will differ for those with self-employment income, investment income, AMT exposure, complex itemized deductions, or credits beyond what is entered. Always confirm your final tax liability using IRS Form 1040 or qualified tax software.